INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES,
ENGINEERING & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Dr. Jabir Hasan Khan & Nisar Ahmed

Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, INDIA

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the spatial variations of improved sanitation in terms of latrine facilities like piped sewer, septic tank, improved pit, other system and unimproved sanitation like open pit, night soil disposed into open drain, night soil removed by human, night soil serviced by animal, public latrine and open latrine among the households of the states and union territories of India. The study is based on secondary sources of data collected from Census of India publications (2011), New Delhi. The state and union territory of India have been taken as the units of study. From the study it is quite clear that sanitation facilities in India are not satisfactory. The high availability of improved sanitation facilities has been observed the states of West Bengal, Sikkim, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Punjab and Kerala, and union territories of Chandigarh and NCT of Delhi. Except few states and union territories in northern, western and south western parts of India, most of the states and union territories in India have moderate to high level of unimproved sanitation facilities. The states of Jammu & Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya and Maharashtra experience worse sanitation than other states and union territories as they fall under high category of unimproved sanitation. The union territories experience comparatively better sanitation facilities in comparison to the states of India.